Mobility is life for 500 million pastoralists across the world. Their seasonal movement across 40% of the Earth’s land surface sustains one of the planet’s most adaptive and climate-smart land-use systems.
From the Sahel to Central Asia, pastoralists regenerate rangelands through movement — restoring soils, enriching biodiversity, dispersing seeds, protecting water sources, storing carbon, and reducing wildfire risk. In Africa alone, 268 million pastoralists contribute up to 44% of national GDPs, feeding economies and ecosystems at once.
But despite its immense ecological, economic, and cultural value, pastoral mobility is under threat. Outdated laws, fencing, land grabs, and rigid policies increasingly restrict movement, while climate shocks, insecurity, and economic pressures push communities into growing precarity. When mobility is blocked, rangelands degrade, conflicts rise, and livelihoods collapse.